Cathode rays
Thomson's 1897 paper on cathode rays.
As reported in: Thomson (1897). XL. Cathode Rays. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. doi:10.1080/14786449708621070
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Discovering the electron and the atomic nucleus: uses in research
Also: cathode rays, gold foil experiment, Thomson, Rutherford, Geiger–Marsden
Landmark experiments at the turn of the 20th century revealed the electron and the tiny, dense nucleus of the atom.
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physics
Alpha particles bounce back
Geiger and Marsden observed a diffuse reflection of alpha particles from metal plates, an effect not previously seen for alpha particles.
As reported in: Gegier, Marsden (1909). On a diffuse reflection of the α-particles. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. doi:10.1098/rspa.1909.0054
The structure of the atom
Rutherford analysed the scattering of alpha and beta particles by matter to deduce the structure of the atom.
As reported in: Rutherford (1911). LXXIX. The scattering of α and β particles by matter and the structure of the atom. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. doi:10.1080/14786440508637080
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