Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): uses in research

Also: iPS cells, Yamanaka factors, cell reprogramming

Induced pluripotent stem cells are ordinary adult cells reprogrammed into an embryo-like state, able to become almost any cell type. Shinya Yamanaka shared the 2012 Nobel Prize for the discovery.

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Timeline

2006 Mouse cells reprogrammed by four factors
2007 Human iPS cells (Yamanaka lab)Human iPS cells (Thomson lab)
2017 First iPSC-derived retinal transplant

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biomedical

prototype biomedical 2017

First iPSC-derived retinal transplant

Mandai and colleagues reported transplanting a sheet of retinal cells grown from a patient's own iPS cells in a patient with macular degeneration; after a year the sheet was intact and vision had neither improved nor worsened.

Built / tested: retinal pigment epithelium sheet

As reported in: Mandai, Watanabe, Kurimoto et al. (2017). Autologous Induced Stem-Cell–Derived Retinal Cells for Macular Degeneration. New England Journal of Medicine. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1608368

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biomedical research

lab biomedical research 2006

Mouse cells reprogrammed by four factors

Takahashi and Yamanaka showed four transcription factors could turn mouse skin cells into pluripotent stem cells.

Built / tested: mouse iPS cells

As reported in: Takahashi, Yamanaka (2006). Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors. Cell. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024

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lab biomedical research 2007

Human iPS cells (Yamanaka lab)

Takahashi and colleagues reprogrammed adult human skin cells into pluripotent stem cells.

Built / tested: human iPS cells

As reported in: Takahashi, Tanabe, Ohnuki et al. (2007). Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adult Human Fibroblasts by Defined Factors. Cell. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.019

Abstract only