Also: cymatics, ultrasound standing waves, tissue engineering
Standing sound waves, like the patterns sand makes on a vibrating plate, can line up living cells into tissue-like arrangements.
Values as stated in the cited paper's abstract.
| Property | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Patterned muscle fibre width / spacing | 120–150 µm / 180–220 µm | Armstrong 2018 |
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Armstrong and colleagues used ultrasound standing waves to arrange muscle precursor cells in hydrogels, producing aligned muscle fibres 120–150 µm wide with stronger, direction-dependent tensile properties.
As reported in: Armstrong, Puetzer, Serio et al. (2018). Engineering Anisotropic Muscle Tissue using Acoustic Cell Patterning. Advanced Materials. doi:10.1002/adma.201802649